And indeed, the attributes enjoyed by man—this living being—and others, such as life, knowledge, will, and their like, are all bestowed, borrowed from the Primary Creator and the Capable Innovator. The difference between the two attributes—the attributes of the Creator and the attributes of the creature, the characteristics of the cause and the characteristics of the effect—is that the attributes and characteristics of the Creator are essential, absolute attributes, while the attributes of the creature are borrowed and relative;

the former are perfect in themselves, and the latter proceed toward perfection, influenced by the attributes of their cause that issued from its activity.

And the elements maintained by the naturalists, the matter believed in by the materialists or realists, the thought or intellect given by the idealists, and the dualism claimed by the dualists—all of those enter into the inclusion of effectuality and contingencies, and they enjoy the attributes of relativity and the characteristics of borrowing in the event that attributes and characteristics are present within them.

To those who deny the existence of Allah and that effective, influential cause in existence, we say: Come, let us discuss with you a matter in this regard, requesting that you arbitrate free logic and walk by the light of abstract truth, which is: that we, the theologians, say and believe in the existence of Allah above matter and above intellect and elements, transcending all things and existences, enjoying an absolute essential existence, life, knowledge, and will; and from the flashes of His holy light and the activity of His supreme will, these beings that we sense and perceive emerged.