And this is evidence that the One who gathered them, despite their multiplicity and contrariety, is a Being perfect in consciousness, absolute in power, and they are effects of a singular, eternal cause that is neither multiple nor generated.

And likewise with respect to matter or the indivisible atom (al-jawhar al-fard), whose causality the materialists maintain—that matter possessing masses, dimensions, stability, and extension—for it possesses no essential, spontaneous existence by which it precedes things, intellect, and life. Nor does it possess consciousness and perception so as to be a cause for these regulated beings, which are arranged upon the most marvelous creation and the most upright formation. Rather, the matter that we sense and see is merely a thing that occurs as a result of a force of stagnant energy, and it—meaning matter—is proceeding toward radiation, transformation, and dissolution.

So tell me, by your Lord, after these attributes—the attributes of deficiency, weakness, and change—are fully present in matter, is it correct to speak of or believe in its causality?