The Third Class: The Islam of the one who submitted but mounted the steed of his own whims (hawāhu)—which is [merely] his name and his ego—to gaze toward the Truth without provision. He attempted to plunge into investigation without the Law of Truth (Sharī‘at al-Ḥaqq).

Consequently, he was diverted toward falsehood and away from the fountainhead of the Truth. He remains perpetually lost in the state of his own imaginings, finding no shade to shelter him nor a guide to rely upon. This class is called "The Strayer" (Tā’ih).

The Fourth Class: The Islam of the one who submitted but debased his soul by turning away from following the Imams of Truth. He established himself as a banner for the rabble of the nation, barring them from the path of Truth and inciting them to oppress the believers and oppose the Infallible Imams who are protected from all error. Out of preoccupation with his own affairs rather than God’s commands, he attempts to partner with Him in His legislation to mislead His servants, slandering His religion, denying His messengers, and acting arrogantly toward His protégés (awliyā’).