When this process is attributed to the teacher, it is called "teaching" (ta'liman), and when it is attributed to the student, it is called "learning" (ta'alluman).

Recollection (al-tadhakkur) and reflection (al-tafakkur) are nothing but the glances of the Soul's essence and substance toward itself, and its viewing of the impressions of those sensible objects imprinted upon its own being, just as the inscription of a signet stone is pressed into sealed wax.

Verily, knowledge is an acquisition for the soul just as wealth is an acquisition for the body; for wealth is sought for the well-being of the body's affairs, while knowledge is sought for the well-being of the soul's affairs. The souls of children are potentially rational ('aqilah bi-al-quwwah), while the souls of adults are actually rational. The souls of intelligent people are potentially knowing, while the souls of scholars are actually knowing.

Verily, Paradise is the world of spirits and of every spiritual form that has no material, corporeal matter (la hayula jurmaniyyah); rather, it is pure life, comfort, pleasure, joy, and supreme bliss. It is never afflicted by generation and corruption (al-kawn wa-al-fasad), nor by change and decay.