And from the Indians the Greeks took it, and from them it transferred to the Muslims after it took the Greek coloring, and the Islamic mystics followed the path of the Stoics, the companions of the porticoes—the students of Plato, the father of divine philosophy, by difficult spiritual exercises, asceticism, isolation from people, renouncing the enjoyment of the world, hardship of living, and the elimination of desires by reviving the remembrance, so that they reach the divine witnessings through the oneness manifestations, and there became famous among them several celebrities from the Shia like Abu Dharr al-Ghifari and Uways al-Qarani from the companions and their two followers, like Bashshar al-Sha'iri, Mahan al-Ubbi, Ma'ruf al-Karkhi, al-Sari al-Saqati, al-Junayd the traveler ibn Muhammad al-Qawariri,




