And the Sheikh Abd al-Hamid Muhammad Mustafa said in his book The Title of Rectitude Concerning Spirits [Unwan al-Salah fi al-Arwah]: "Verily, what is generated from them [the souls]—namely their deeds—is an emergence [nushu'] proportionate to their inherent power, just as offspring are generated from physical bodies. They are localized [muhayyazah] through the absolute agency of their Originator from whence they perceive not."

[146] And Aristotle—His glory is mighty—said regarding the soul: "Verily, it is not a body, nor is it attached to the body in the manner of an impression [ittisal al-intiba'] imprinted within it, nor is it incarnate [hulul] inside it. Rather, it is attached to it in the manner of governance and disposal [ittisal al-tadbir wa-al-tasarruf]. It was brought into being concurrently with the origination of the body—neither before it nor after it." And he said: "Were it to have existed prior to the existence of physical bodies, it would have been either pluralistic within its distinct essences or unitary."

Thus, the first proposition is false: for that which is pluralistic must be so either by virtue of its quiddity [al-mahiyyah] or its form [al-surah],