As for Jainism, it states that to reach the liberation of the soul from the reckoning known among the Indians as Karma, man continues to be born and die until his soul becomes pure and his desires end. At that point, the cycle of his action stops, and with it his material life; he remains an eternal spirit in eternal bliss, and this bliss is called "Salvation" (Najāt) by the followers of this school.

As for Buddhism, it states that man is a bodily construct possessing a power by which he moves and instruments through which he feels. Through these senses and feelings, he connects with the external world. As for his nature, it encompasses the tendencies and competencies produced in the past; whether they are good or foul, they shape the personality with which he begins his new life.

Thus, the inner life of a person is nothing but a chain of imaginations, desires, and emotions. When the material bonds are severed by death, the forces of primal matter reincarnate into a new body; the new person then finds happiness or suffering according to the conduct prepared for him from the past. This is what was affirmed by the Indian religions.