what blame falls upon me for believing in them and adhering to them as my creed?!

“Would you kill a man [merely] because he says: 'My Lord is Allah'?”

Or is it permissible for you, before Allah, to reject a creed founded upon the Word of Allah?!

Or is it permissible for you, before Allah, to brand as a disbeliever (takfir) one who practices the religion of Allah?!

Or is it permissible for you, before Allah, to treat him with unseemly harshness and blame him for his commitment to what Allah has commanded and his abstention from what Allah has forbidden?!

Or is it permissible for you, before Allah, to declare as a disbeliever a brother in Allah who befriends for the sake of Allah, bears enmity for the sake of Allah, and seeks nothing but the Countenance of Allah?!

If you are in doubt regarding the aforementioned statements I have presented in this treatise—concerning the rejection of belief and religious practice in the Outward—then bring me a single witness from the People of Infallibility (Ahl al-Ismah) that proves the obligation of believing in and practicing the outward forms of these acts of worship in private and among the believers, except for the sake of dissimulation (Taqiyya).

If you refuse to accept anything but the rejection of the texts, proofs, and witnesses I have provided, and you reject the interpretation (ta'wil) of