and denying the Divinity of the Essence (al-‘Ayn) and affirming human attributes (bashariyya) upon Him, as well as upon all the Prophets, Messengers, and Legatees (Awsiya').

Regarding these meanings, many narrations have been reported, which I have omitted for the sake of brevity.

In summary, I say: Had it not been for the People of Infallibility (Ahl al-‘Ismah), we would not have known any of the lawful things mentioned in the Quran, nor any of their praised Personifications (ashkhāṣihim), nor any rank of their ranks. We would also not have known the prohibited things among animals, plants, and others—such as gambling (qimār), idols (anṣāb), and divining arrows (azlām)—nor any of their disparaged Personifications. Therefore, whatever they have made lawful is the Lawful, and whatever they have made prohibited is the Prohibited, without dispute or arrogance; and that is according to the meaning they intend through their words and deeds, not according to the corrupt interpretations and deviating conjectures held by the Opponents (al-Aḍdād) and others who follow them in that.

So, O people of understanding, perceive clearly the meanings of these four categories and their diverse outward and inward forms, each of which is measured by a standard different from the other.

Then, weigh them with the scales of your intellects, contemplate them with the reality of your gnosis (ma‘ārifakum), and look with the eyes of your