friend among them is named by the name of the moon. In that, there is sufficient explanation and clear evidence in the Book of Ranks and Degrees, the Book of the Evaluation of Names, and other books of monotheism. We have found and verified that the names of the sun and the moon are applied to Muhammad and Ali, as stated in the hadith from the Prophet (PBUH), who said: Whoever loses the sun, let him hold fast to the moon, and whoever loses the moon, let him hold fast to Venus, and whoever loses Venus, let him hold fast to the Two Farqads.

So it was said: O Messenger of Allah, what is the sun, what is the moon, what is Venus, and what are the Two Farqads? He said: I am the sun and Ali is the moon.

These two names may also be applied to Abu Bakr and Umar, due to his (PBUH) saying to them: Welcome, welcome to the suns of the lands and their moons. So it was said to him: Who are the suns of the lands and their moons? He said: Indeed, Abu Bakr is the sun of this nation and Umar is its moon. And God Almighty has mentioned them and their followers by His saying:

{When the sun is wound up, and when the stars fall dispersedly} (At-Takwir 1-2).

And He the Exalted said: {And the moon is eclipsed} (Al-Qiyamah 8).