the prophets and messengers, and some of what our Sheikh and Master Abu Abd-Allah al-Husayn ibn Hamdan al-Khasibi—may Allah illumine his face—mentioned in the book (Al-Uqud min Lawazim al-Muftaradat al-Zahira wa al-Batina), in his treatise [Risala], and in some of the works of the scholars who are firmly rooted in knowledge from among the believers; and what they have cited in the books of Monotheism [Tawhid] of verses, hadiths, reports, sayings, proofs, evidences, interpretations, and transmitted and rational narrations pointing to what is intended by the five prayers; and the clarification of the intent of their manifest names, the traveler [al-musafir], the limit of travel [hadd al-safar], the Adhan and its explanation in the inward, the first Muezzin, why the Adhan was made twofold, the clarification of the intent of the Iqama and the Establisher [al-muqim], the Prayer and why it was named Prayer, the clarification of the intent of the Worshiper [al-musalli], the Imam without whom the prayer is not complete, the intent of Facing [al-tawajju], the Opening, and the saying: "Glory be to You, O Allah, and with Your praise, and blessed is Your Name," then the clarification of the intent of the Takbir and making it singular, what is the limit of the singular, and the saying "Allahu Akbar," and the Recitation and the beginning of it always with "In the Name of Allah, the Beneficent the Merciful [Al-Rahim];

and Surah Al-Hamd and the beginning of its recitation before every surah, and the impermissibility of the prayer except with it and by its precedence and naming it the Mother of the Book [Umm al-Kitab]; and