disbelieved; for 'Ali' is a name for the Outward of the Meaning (al-Maʿnā), while 'Allah' is Muhammad. The Meaning is contrary to the Name, and the Meaning is the Godhead (al-Lāhūt) which is not perceived, nor does any name or attribute fall upon it."

There are many such statements in the books of Tawḥīd (Gnosis) whose outward meanings cannot be established except by invalidating the doctrine of Tawḥīd or by accusing their truthful authors of lying.

Among the statements that [appear to] contradict Inward Tawḥīd are the sayings of the Almighty:

{And there will remain the Face of your Lord, Owner of Majesty and Honor.} (Al-Raḥmān: 27).

And His saying:

{Rather, His two hands are outstretched.} (Al-Māʾidah: 64).

And His saying:

{Blessed is He in whose hand is the dominion.} (Al-Mulk: 1).

And His saying:

{The hand of Allah is above their hands.} (Al-Fatḥ: 10).

And the saying of Lord Christ—peace be upon him—in the fifth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew:

"But I say to you, do not swear at all: neither by heaven, for it is God's throne; nor by the earth, for it is His footstool."