rihatihi); for when any of these afflictions manifest, they agitate him with something even harsher, such as medicinal chemicals, drugs, and deadly toxins.

These are expelled from the believer through the fear of Allah (Taqwa). Every form of filth, or anything blameworthy, stinking, or of foul taste, originates from these [negative] afflictions. Likewise, the foul gases (riyah) within the belly and other such things that entangle the human being, distressing both him and his soul.

And whatever exists of putrefaction of the blood ('ufunat al-dam), it originates from [attending to] the human instruments (al-alat al-bashariyyah), inclining toward them and their followers, and manifesting loyalty (wilayah) to them.

Whatever of that [affliction] is found within a believer, it is due to his negligence (taqsir) regarding the rights of his fellow believers—for the fulfillment of their rights, striving to meet their needs, and spending one's wealth for them is an obligatory duty (fard) imposed by the Master upon them.