We shall extract from them the core idea they contain and the subject they concern. Then, [we shall address] the objections arising from them, thereby exposing the mental structure of the doubts, the subsequent acts of oath-breaking (Nukuth), and the wavering that led to the deviation from the Even Path. The cause of all this lies in erroneous or incomplete starting points that birthed a conception incapable of elucidating the Truth; hence, there was objection after objection.

Verily, all these objections stem from intellectual and philosophical conceptions that derive their roots from a superficial understanding of this existence and its meaning, and from a blindness toward any gaze directed into the depths.

Whoever traces the debates and discussions recorded for us between the Imams and their disciples on one hand, and the atheists, heretics (Zanadiqa), and other similar groups on the other, will see this truth manifested clearly. You will see how those [opponents] would proceed from unique sensory conceptions upon which they built their conclusions; yet the Imams (peace be upon them) were at ease in their affair, for they had only to dismantle these foundations for them to collapse, and thus the disbelievers were confounded.

On this occasion, I must draw attention to the analogies mentioned in their discussions which might seem imprecise, or scientific examples that appear not entirely correct relative to our present knowledge.